Cytoscape cola. It works well with libraries like D3.

Cytoscape cola. mx/mazr9/cosmetic-packaging-jobs-in-scarborough-part-time.

Latest version: 4. Additionally, this project attempts to maintain the same function signatures , return values, function implementation and module structure as the RCy3, thereby enabling smooth maintenance and evolution of both cytoscape-cola demo (compound) 11. js is a part of the Cytoscape Consortium and is supported by the National Resource for Network Biology (NRNB). js has full support for Cola. 0008, // The Oct 6, 2020 · I'm working with an online tool, essentially a wiki that i can't add files to so I have to reference them from a CDN. js via an extension. js is developed by May 30, 2020 · Is there a way to add a text-box containing clickable urls to a node with json? Specifically, I want to be able to click on any node on my graph, and have some kind of box that contains a link. this. js from within Cytoscape. Cytoscape cannot read property 'className' of null. If they are not set, fCoSE uses default options. published 2. py4cytoscape can automate these results as a means of achieving reproducible science. __privateRenderer. All options available in the plugin API are available but have not yet been tested. fit(); after layoutready are optimal, so consider adding them to your project. Please suggest on this. Click any example below to run it instantly or find templates that can be used as a pre-built solution! Comparing trends for cytoscape-cola 2. 1 which has 16,960 weekly downloads and unknown number of GitHub stars vs. It supports noncompound and compound graphs well. js-cola Jan 28, 2019 · Cytoscape. However, the graph mostly tries to span vertically and in spite of having plenty of spaces in the horizontal direction, it does not sp Jan 9, 2019 · I'm trying to display nodes that have a font icon in the center of the node using 'content' and a text label underneath. There are 24 other projects in the npm registry using react-cytoscapejs. Jan 18, 2016 · I am trying to achieve this effect using cytoscape. I looked into using the cytoscape. K. 0, last published: 3 years ago. js is developed by Jul 16, 2015 · In cytoscape. 1 2 years ago. Cytoscape provides tutorials, videos, and automation vignettes. . Start using @types/cytoscape in your project by running `npm i @types/cytoscape`. this example. Select between one of the example layouts or specify your own in the code. I want to make the edges of my graph direct downwards like in this picture: Instead of the unconstrained graph that shows up by default. n1 - n2 vertical alignment on left side. but this seems to create a memory leak - now each time the Sep 19, 2023 · Sometimes it can be fixed by uncommenting get_fig_cytoscape(df, layout="cola") inside div of app layout. Start using Socket to analyze cytoscape-cola and its 1 dependencies to secure your app from supply chain attacks. From the docs: // different methods of specifying edge length // each can be a constant numerical value or a function like `function( edge ){ return 2; }` edgeLength: undefined, // sets edge length directly in simulation edgeSymDiffLength: undefined, // symmetric diff edge length in simulation The Cola. Most of the Cytoscape layouts also partition the graph before performing the layout. Cola. js-cola which does more or less what cola does. Ideally, I would like to also be able to separate them by color, as shown by this example Sep 28, 2015 · Cytoscape. js-bubblesets development by creating an account on GitHub. From their code: // trigger layoutready when each node has had its position set at least once There is a layoutstop event that you could use (and cytoscape-cola uses too). compound node How to use cytoscape-cola - 2 common examples To help you get started, we’ve selected a few cytoscape-cola examples, based on popular ways it is used in public projects. 25. js has a full graph theory model, highly customisable styling, gesture support, and layouts — such that Cola. cytoscape-cola demo. 3. I learned many library D3, WebCola, and so on, and eventually I was deeply attracted to cytoscape and its amazing cola. js in cytoscape. This extension provides an interface to expand-collapse nodes. "WebCoLa") is an open-source JavaScript library for arranging your HTML5 documents and diagrams using constraint-based optimization techniques. js-cola/README. Please have look my codepen when i expand the node layout. js in a single line of code: cy. js: var cytoscape Mar 11, 2019 · When you add new nodes, the desired behaviour IS to move the existing nodes, otherwise the layout doesn't make sense? The point is: cola is a well rounded extension for cytoscape and the options fit: false, infinity: true combined with a cy. npm run test: Run Mocha tests in . 0 Dash Core Components 2. isHeadless() The previous Cytoscape Python interface (Py2Cytoscape) has different features than the Cytoscape R library, and is therefore deprecated. center(); cy. 如果在标题行中未指定任何类，Cytoscape 将尝试根据第一个值猜测数据类型。如果第一个值包含浮点格式的数字，则 Cytoscape 将采用 java. 0, last published: 2 years ago. Aug 29, 2016 · It's a trade-off of developer time to user-facing runtime performance. 12. I'm using the cola layout since I want to be able to input custom edge weights. I'm using cytoscape. js (cyjShiny and RCyjs). Nov 15, 2019 · You can specify one of edgeLength, edgeSymDiffLength, or edgeJaccardLength in the layout options. Build Setup # install dependencies npm install # serve with hot reload at localhost:8080 npm run dev # build for production with minification npm run build # build for production and view the bundle analyzer report npm run build --report Feb 1, 2022 · There is cytoscape. A Cytoscape. I have tried using Cose, Cose-Bilkent and now Cola, but my issue is that I cannot get the edge lengths to be cleary directly The Cola. js borrows many concepts from the Cytoscape desktop app, and the two projects try to be as interoperable as possible. 0, Edge Bend is a regular edge property and can be used as a part of a Style. js - and it works fine with all the built in functions - bu cytoscape bundle with layouts for browser example cytoscapejs yarnpkg cytoscape-dagre esbuild cytoscape-klay cytoscape-cise cytoscape-cola Updated Oct 20, 2021 Nov 22, 2019 · Euler seems to be working in its demo and there is no issue in its github repository about a problem. 21. Keywords May 13, 2017 · cytoscape-cola positions nodes over other compound nodes: The text was updated successfully, but these errors were encountered: All reactions. js-klay development by creating an account on GitHub. 0. Layout. Edge Bend and Automatic Edge Bundling¶. 35 it has the the following similar code headless : function () : this. org ? – John In a long term, Cytoscape and Cytoscape. May 30, 2019 · I have some problems with handling events like scrolling using the mouse wheel or key press. js: Using cola. Webpack or Node. Data Exchange between Cytoscape and Cytoscape. May 2, 2019 · Everyone knows how to import networks into Cytoscape from files and public databases, but did you know that you can also build networks by hand? Sometimes yo Aug 8, 2016 · Is there any way by which I can manipulate the edge lengths of graphs in concentric layout ? I know cola. Is there a place where that kind of layout information is compiled as I don't see it on js. 5. js - cytoscape. Latest version: 3. The 'type' key is required. on('wheel', event => { //somecode The Cola. Nov 26, 2020 · I am trying to create a physics direct network graph using Dash Cytoscape. cytoscape-cola. n3 is fixed to x: 100, y: 100. Since I am using Angular 2 with Typescript I have added the js module first to the angular-cli Aug 31, 2016 · edgeLengthVal is part of Cola. The layout is a physics layout with "springy" like nodes, so that the distance between them stays the same. Jul 21, 2020 · Stack Overflow for Teams Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers; Advertising & Talent Reach devs & technologists worldwide about your product, service or employer brand 它还提供对 Tour of Cytoscape 的直接访问，以及 Cytoscape 教程的完整列表。教程内容将在 Cytoscape 网页浏览器中自动打开。视频演示也可以通过帮助菜单链接直接访问。 Citations 选项显示了 Cytoscape 的主要参考文献，以及已安装应用的参考文献列表。根据你安装的应用 Cytoscape layouts have three different sources, which are reflected in the Layout menu. js React Hooks using @types/lodash, @types/uuid, cytoscape, cytoscape-cola, lodash, react, react-dom, react-scripts, uuid Cytoscape. There are examples of how to get elements in the documentation. There are 33 other projects in the npm registry using cytoscape-cola. 1. js, but there's another way to control edge length with only Cytoscape but the documentation for that way doesn't make it clear how to use it cytoscape-cola demo The Klay layout algorithm for Cytoscape. There are 10 other projects in the npm registry using cytoscape-context-menus. Creating Cytoscape. I've reviewed this further and I've come to three conclusions: (1) The main issue is a failure of the documentation. Latest version: 1. js - Releases · cytoscape/cytoscape. run() is not working and if i re-create the layout the affects is not the same like in original cola example. js layout, and it happens most often when having the development tools open. I use webpack and npm to build a bundle, which I then combine with my relatively short R/Javascript wrapper. Start using react-cytoscapejs in your project by running `npm i react-cytoscapejs`. cyLayout = this. Edge arrow types demo - Cytoscape Toggle hollow Using cola. py:3: UserWarning: The dash_html_components package is deprecated. Nov 21, 2019 · The cytoscape. js cola example, but I cannot replicate this on ipycytoscape. Thanks in advance. JSON is used only for adding new elements to the graph. cytoscape-spread demo Cola. Use the controls below to alter the Cola. Unfortunately I couldn't get cola's bounding box functionality working: cytoscape/cytoscape. Note: Incorporating function code by extending an abstract class is specifically deemed to be equivalent to ‘using numerical parameters, data structure layouts and accessors, and small macros and small inline functions (ten lines or less in length)’ for the purposes of Section 5. js 2. js - plotly/dash-cytoscape The Cola. 1 • 2 years ago published 2. Packing related options should be set via cytoscape-layout-utilities extension. 0 which has 27,428 weekly downloads and unknown number of GitHub stars. fCoSE (pron. Contribute to cytoscape/cyjShiny development by creating an account on GitHub. cytoscape-cola demo (compound) Cytoscape-Cola Layout Constraint based layouts provided through ( cola. js (demo, non-animated demo, compound demo, constraint demo)The cola layout uses a force-directed physics simulation with several sophisticated constraints, written by Tim Dwyer. Google Scholar reports that Cytoscape was cited in over 10,000 in academic papers in 2019, most of which executed Cytoscape via the traditional mouse and keyboard. cjs. There are 34 other projects in the npm registry using cytoscape-cola. 1. js-cola documentation for the gapInequalities element of a layout dictionary says: gapInequalities: undefined, // list of inequality constraints for the gap between the nodes, npm run test: Run Mocha tests in . js Bubblesets plugin. I am using a compound node and the cola layout. The core layout is based on a complete rewrite in Javascript of the C++ libcola library. Feb 29, 2016 · Furthermore, I also had the idea that I could first use cose-bilkent and then cola. Context menu for Cytoscape. adaptor is not a function for the cytoscape. js extension. But you might also want to supply Cytoscape with a list of nodes. var defaults = {// dagre algo options, uses default value on undefined nodeSep: undefined, // the separation between adjacent nodes in the same rank edgeSep: undefined, // the separation between adjacent edges in the same rank rankSep: undefined, // the separation between each rank in the layout rankDir: undefined, // 'TB' for top to bottom flow, 'LR' for left to right, align: undefined Jan 5, 2021 · I'm trying to create a functional component with this lib, and useState hooks, but having problems dealing with the cy instance. The cola layout uses a force-directed physics simulation with several sophisticated constraints, written by Tim Dwyer. Explore this online cytoscape-cola sandbox and experiment with it yourself using our interactive online playground. js React Hooks Edit the code to make changes and see it instantly in the preview Sep 11, 2020 · Based on the link you provide, you can apply a similar functionality with cola. Feb 25, 2021 · I'm trying to use the Cytoscape cola layout to render a graph that should apply a force directed layout while using it (so when dragging nodes around, they should act as if there is some gravity in Download page for Cytoscape. The option infinite: true animates the graph while moving nodes as seen in your example. That extra information about your nodes is called attributes. 4. js-cola#66. Jun 17, 2015 · I'm trying the latest cytoscape with the latest cola and I get the following error: Uncaught TypeError: cola. js contains a graph theory model and an optional renderer to display interactive graphs. Start using cytoscape-cola in your project by running `npm i cytoscape-cola`. I upgraded to cytoscapejs-2. js (which the demo was also demonstrating), and there is no way to control edge length with Cytoscape proper; edgeLengthVal is part of Cola. js-cola Jun 17, 2019 · The restrictions on fitting are similar to those of layout for this discussion. cyLayout. jsを併用する方法がいいみたい。 Cola. Mar 2, 2019 · React-based network visualization component, using Cytoscape. From the docs (emphasis is mine): Jun 17, 2024 · TypeScript definitions for cytoscape. To be able to use packComponents option, cytoscape-layout-utilities extension should also be registered in the application. I don't remember correctly, but i think that cola keeps moving the elements after the layoutready. js and the cola extension and I am interested in creating a layout similar to. From Cytoscape 3. 6, last published: 6 years ago. 4 this week and the arbor, cola, springy, dagre layouts no longer seem to work cytoscape-fcose demo. By the way, fcose also has packComponents option to pack disconnected components, but it requires cytoscape-layout-utlities extension to be registered to the cytoscape. Feb 23, 2022 · The Cola. I need to add events to the cy instance, eg tap. js for layout and Cytoscape. Jun 16, 2020 · I maintain two R packages which depend on cytoscape. * (tested in 2. If you can use it, it may just be the right choice for you: Jul 13, 2018 · I am using cytoscape. Version: 2. js code snippet: var adaptor = layout. js, svg. js, and Cytoscape. I see this feature on the cytoscape. 1 was published by maxkfranz. js in a CommonJS environment like Node. js extensions. I also added to my graph a function that lock the position of a node when clicked (like it happens, for example, in Neo4j). In 2. The Spread physics simulation layout for Cytoscape. 0 Cytoscape: an open source platform for network analysis and visualization. js demo. Sep 28, 2015 · Cytoscape. For more information about Cola and its parameters, refer to its documentation. The layout is used to specify how the nodes are positioned in the viewport. 10. Other force layouts, like CoSE-Bilkent and Cola, are much easier for the dev to use -- but they run slower. 2. Nov 11, 2017 · I am using Cytoscape on Angular 2 project with Typescript and wanted to use Cola layout. Copy link Member Feb 12, 2024 · I want to specify the length of edges in cytoscape. js - cytoscape/cytoscape. js¶ Cola. Cytoscape is an open source software platform for visualizing complex networks and integrating these with any type of attribute data. n5 - n6 vertical alignment on right side The following external layouts are distributed with the official dash-cytoscape library: * cose-bilkent * cola * euler * spread * dagre * klay In order to use them, you will need to use the load_extra_layouts() function from Cytoscape. CoSE is really fast, but the developer needs to set the options just right for their data. js network/table JSON files. js is a fully featured graph theory library. js 18789. Start using cytoscape-context-menus in your project by running `npm i cytoscape-context-menus`. Build targets. js-cola layout with the following options: layout: { name: 'cola', flow: { axis: 'y', minSeparation: 40 }, avoidOverlap: true } I ended up with this As you can see, there is some flow, but not as nicely as in dot. May 2, 2022 · Is it possible to get rid of the marked area? The yellow and green nodes are inner nodes of the grey parent node. lang. layout({ name: 'cola' /* and maybe some other options */ }); Cytoscape. maxkfranz. cytoscape-euler demo A React component to use simply the cytoscape js library. – The Cola. It works well with libraries like D3. cola. cytoscape-cola demo This example shows how to use the cytoscape-cola extension with vue-cytoscape. Double；如果第一个值仅包含不带小数的数字，则 Cytoscape 将采用 java. js API overall, the Collection. 14 Dash HTML Components 2. ","","stylingDirectives":null,"csv":null,"csvError":null,"dependabotInfo":{"showConfigurationBanner":false,"configFilePath":null,"networkDependabotPath":"/cytoscape Jun 17, 2020 · For anyone else who runs into this issue, I learned that instead of using this approach, an easier one is to use ipycytoscape, which makes it much easier to get everything running. 0 C:\Users\user\Documents\Projects\PyCharm Projects\pdsa-grapher-git\pdsa-grapher\devs. Oct 23, 2018 · However there is still the cytoscape-cola. The following external layouts are distributed with the official dash-cytoscape library: * cose-bilkent * cola * euler * spread * dagre * klay In order to use them, you will need to use the load_extra_layouts() function from To use Cytoscape. Start using react-cytoscape in your project by running `npm i react-cytoscape`. js: https: cytoscape-cola. Cytoscape's concentric layout edge's length manipulation , may be using The Cola. js with the esm package): import cytoscape from 'cytoscape'; Note that the following will not work, as you must use the default export: import * as cytoscape from 'cytoscape'; // won't work. You need to have two dummy nodes locked (one for top-left and one for bottom-right) and then add constraints for all other nodes appropriately. Nov 25, 2022 · When navigated to the Line number of cytoscape. A. *, if the label is larger than the node, the bounding box of the parent will expand, but let defaults = {name: 'euler', // The ideal length of a spring // - This acts as a hint for the edge length // - The edge length can be longer or shorter if the forces are set to extreme values springLength: edge => 80, // Hooke's law coefficient // - The value ranges on [0, 1] // - Lower values give looser springs // - Higher values give tighter springs springCoeff: edge => 0. Mar 25, 2020 · The Cytoscape JS library expects the data to be stored in a JSON file with a predefined structure. 1 License MIT. Hence I added the dependency to my project using npm. js's layout and get the concentric layout. js: change layout dynamically. Styles¶. js instance. js can be run in Cytoscape. There is only one type of "element" in the Cytoscape. Using Cytoscape JS with cytoscape-js-force using @emotion/react, @emotion/styled, @mui/material, @types/react-cytoscapejs, cytoscape, cytoscape-cola, cytoscape-fcose, react, react Jan 1, 2016 · Cytoscape. js/Cytoscape. cytoscape. 2. md at master · cytoscape/cytoscape. Versions Dash 2. Site built with pkgdown 1. Active layout Oct 15, 2015 · Didn't realize Cola supported smooth transitioning. As we learned in the last tutorial, all Cytoscape really needs is an edge list with two columns in it. There are 2 other projects in the npm registry using react-cytoscape. createLayout({ name: 'cola' }); this. js-cola Hello all, I am using version 3. まとめ. cytoscape-cola demo The Cola. js. 4, last published: 24 days ago. There are 43 other projects in the npm registry using @types/cytoscape. String。请注意第 @maxkfranz Hi, is there any documentation mentioning which of the new layouts no longer work, in the new release of cytoscapeJS. Aug 6, 2016 · Once again we start by including the stuff needed. If you want to set your own rules for how some nodes are organised, then cola is a good fit. js (A. cytoscape-dagre. There are 5 other projects in the npm registry using cytoscape-expand-collapse. js(cola layout) provides manipulation of edge length in cytoscape. elements(). This is a demo of a graph of gene-gene interactions that uses Cola. g. In addition, Cytoscape can convert Styles to Cytoscape. You can use it as a template to jumpstart your development with this pre-built solution. My styling is currently: Nov 8, 2020 · Cytoscape-Cola Layout Constraint based layouts provided through ( cola. This property will be ignored on the initial creation of the cytoscape object and must be invoked through a callback after it has been rendered. Thus, In this demo, we use the CoLa layout, May 11, 2020 · cola: The cola layout differentiates itself by allowing for setting constraints on top of the traditional force-directed physics simulation. js layout, it provides the needed spacing and has the cool effect of pushing other nodes away. 16), the cola option of "avoidOverlap: true" will enforce that parent groups do not overlap. Start using cytoscape-expand-collapse in your project by running `npm i cytoscape-expand-collapse`. Integer；否则 Cytoscape 将采用 java. js extension by i-Vis Lab in Bilkent University. Apr 18, 2017 · I am trying to see if, with cytoscape-cola, I am able to separate the shapes out quickly and consistently, regardless of graph size, such that triangles are at the top of the graph and that rectangles are at the bottom, with ellipses in between. js with cola seems no longer to work. js has this feature buried deep in the extension layouts, specifically in cytoscape. There are 36 other projects in the npm registry using cytoscape-cola. jsを使用すると、ノードが重ならないように制約をかけられたりする。 Cytoscape. js; npm run watch: Automatically build on changes with live reloading (N. Contribute to cytoscape/cytoscape. run(); Is there any way to have a continuous layout, meaning whenever I drag a node, the layout should be updated continuously and the network should stabilize again according to the rules of the force-directed algorithm. js is just what you need. cy. js, but I want to use concentric layout and also manipulate the edge's length or cola. May 11, 2020 · cola: The cola layout differentiates itself by allowing for setting constraints on top of the traditional force-directed physics simulation. Feb 23, 2022 · I'm using cytoscape-cola library to animate my graph using the infinite:true parameter in the layout section of cy element. I see the layout options have the following parameters: // different methods of specifying edge length // each can be a Find Cytoscape Cola Examples and Templates Use this online cytoscape-cola playground to view and fork cytoscape-cola example apps and templates on CodeSandbox. This it is the same as when I completely reinitialize cytoscape with the new data. js-cola. b. 12. That way, you can feed Cytoscape extra information that you can use to distinguish among nodes. jsとCola. js layout parameters. 1, last published: 2 years ago. I would like the neighbours open smoothly like in the example. js physics simulation layout for Cytoscape. From your comment @ugurdogrusoz I got the impression that this might be a viable option? Jan 19, 2019 · I've been searching for a good topology layout javascript library for a long time. js () (proteins demo)The spread layout uses a force-directed physics simulation with several external libraries. All versions This version; Views Total views 669 180 Interactive network visualization in Python and Dash, powered by Cytoscape. 11 and 2. Version 2. Data by bioconda / packages / cytoscape 3. A lot of Apps are available for various kinds of problem domains, including bioinformatics, social network analysis, and semantic web. you must already have an HTTP server running) Saved searches Use saved searches to filter your results more quickly Sep 5, 2016 · This kind of works, but it will restart the rendering from the beginning and will ignore the existing state of the layout. Cytoscape. /src/** into cytoscape-avsdf. js and the cytoscope-cola. Contribute to upsetjs/cytoscape. cytoscape-react-example using cytoscape, cytoscape-cola, cytoscape-dagre, cytoscape-klay, react, react-dom, react-scripts cytoscape-react-example Edit the code to make changes and see it instantly in the preview Dec 2, 2020 · I am using cola layout to render a Cytoscape graph inside a bootstrap card element in an electron app. /test; npm run build: Build . js 公式ページ . Do you need to model and/or visualise relational data, like biological data or social networks? If so, Cytoscape. js extension to provide context menu around elements and core instance. js Style object. Randomize fCoSE Quality : Incremental : Animate : Fit : Uniform Node Dimensions : Pack Components to Window: Tile Disconnected I have already included both the cola and cytoscape libraries as well as the adaptor required to use cola in cytoscape in my HTML: For cytoscape. Conda Files; Labels Cola. Just like any other edge property, you can select a Default Value, a Mapping and use Bypass for select nodes. react-cytoscapejs 2. Description. 13. name: 'cola', animate: true, // whether to show the layout as it's running refresh: 1, // number of ticks per frame; higher is faster but more jerky maxSimulationTime: 4000, // max length in ms to run the layout ungrabifyWhileSimulating: false, // so you can't drag nodes during layout fit: true, // on every layout reposition of nodes, fit the The Cola. js will be more integrated, and as the first step Cytoscape now supports reading and writing Cytoscape. I' ve tried something like this but it won't work: this. Cytoscape、Neo4jを連携されてWebサービスとして相関図作成サービスを作れそうということが分かりました Nov 16, 2020 · There are three options I think: The Compound Spring Embedder layout cose; The Compound Spring Embedder layout by Bilkent (for an enhanced compound node placement) cose-bilkent An R/shiny widget for cytoscape. js in an ESM environment with npm (e. Jul 27, 2017 · I haven't found a layout that fully supports positioning nodes within the compound. js for its graph model and visualisation. n3 - n4 vertical alignment on center. ) as a property (such as color, size of node, transparency, or font type) of the network. js ) can be used via the cytoscape-cola plugin . 1 of Cytoscape, and this issue still appears for me sometimes under the following circumstances: using latest version of Firefox, the Cola. pkgdown 1. The Cola. 1, last published: a year ago. Latest version: 2. js-cxtmenu development by creating an account on GitHub. "f-cosay", fast Compound Spring Embedder), is a faster version of our earlier compound spring embedder algorithm named CoSE, implemented as a Cytoscape. What are Styles?¶ One of Cytoscape’s strengths in network visualization is the ability to allow users to encode any table data (name, type, degree, weight, expression data, etc. To use Cytoscape. /src/** into Nov 15, 2018 · Cytoscape layout - No such layout cola found. And this are the two libraries and an adaptor to use Cola. Cytoscape layouts have the option to operate on only the selected nodes, and all provide a Settings… panel to change the parameters of the algorithm. The following keys are supported: - type (string): File type to ouput of ‘svg, ‘png’, ‘jpg’, or ‘jpeg’ (alias of ‘jpg’) - options (dictionary, optional Oct 14, 2015 · cytoscape. layout({ name: 'cola' /* and maybe some other options */ }); Developed by Matt Johnson. zcaaqt kapjgxm dsblb lcaclvq ryoxpd olul qyopgy gzxufd ntcf yddz